
West View of Newgate prison. Illustrated by George Shepherd (1784–1862).
Newgate was a notorious London prison, originally built into one of the old gates in the medieval city’s wall. It started as a prison in the 12th-century, when rooms above the gatehouse were used to confine petty criminals. The purchase of surrounding land allowed gradually larger premises to be established. The prison was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666 and rebuilt. It was destroyed again during the Gordon Riots of 1780 and again rebuilt almost immediately.
In 1783, the site of London’s gallows was moved from Tyburn to Newgate. Public executions outside Newgate, by this time, London’s main prison, continued to draw large crowds, from this time until 1868, when executions were moved to gallows inside a shed within the prison walls.
In 1902, the prison was torn down and in its place now stands the Central Criminal Court, more commonly referred to as the Old Bailey, which opened in 1907.
Charles Dickens and Newgate.
The Victorian writer and social critic Charles Dickens visited Newgate and used the infamous prison in a number of his works. He also witnessed at least one public execution there.



Prisoners in the exercise yard at Newgate. Illustration by Gustave Dore from 1872.
Location.
London’s Central Criminal Court (more commonly referred to today as the Old Bailey), was built on the site of the former prison.
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Further Reading on The Circumlocution Office.
- Read the sketch A Visit to Newgate, in which Dickens described a visit to Newgate.
- Read the sketch Criminal Courts, in which Dickens describes Newgate.
- In 1840, William Makepeace Thackeray published an essay, On going to see a man hanged, recalling his visit (with Dickens) to see the hanging of François Benjamin Courvoisier outside Newgate. Read it here.
- In 1858, the author James Ewing Ritchie published an account of seeing a man hanged at Newgate in his book The Night Side of London. Read it here.
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